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Rating Criteria

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Rating Criteria explains our forward-looking ratings approach. Criteria reports identify rating drivers and assumptions, and highlight the scope and limitations of our analysis. Master Criteria describe the basic foundation for our ratings within a sector. Cross-Sector Criteria explain Fitch’s approach to topics that relate to multiple areas or audiences. Sector-Specific Criteria describe Fitch’s analytical approach for individual sectors, and address specific credit factors.

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Ratings Process

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Fitch Ratings provides forward-looking credit opinions, as indicated by its ratings, that reflect its expectations of credit behavior over a range of scenarios. The rating process begins when an arranger, issuer, sponsor, or underwriter contacts a member of Fitch’s Business Relationship Management (BRM) group with a request to engage Fitch. Fitch may also initiate unsolicited rating coverage where sufficient public information is available to provide insight to subscribers and the public debt market.

Outlook 2022

Global Economic Outlook

The outlook for global GDP growth has deteriorated significantly as inflation challenges intensify and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine threatens global energy supplies.

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Structured Finance Exposure to Ukraine War Downside Risks

The resurgence in vehicle leisure traffic in 2021 could moderate if high gas prices persist. Recovery in commuter traffic could also be prolonged.

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02Videos

Rising US House Prices Drive Interest in Essential Housing

Rising US House Prices Drive Interest in Essential Housing

US States Strategize for Clean Energy Transition

High Gas Prices Could Slow Gains in Toll Road Leisure Traffic

APAC Banks’ Deeper Stablecoin Engagement Carries Risks

Implementation Risks Lurk in US State 2022 Tax Cut Plans

Ukraine War Intensifies Low-Carbon Supply-Chain Disruptions

China Developers’ Audit Problems Raise Financing Pressures

Central Transfers Ease China’s Local Government Fiscal Strains

Pandemic Entrenched State Population Changes, Migration Key Factor

Russia Sanctions Create Divestment Challenges for EM ETFs

US Federal Reserve Digital Currency Could Impact Money Market Funds

China Provincial Government & SOEs Snapshot Series - Henan Province and Local SOEs

Decentralised Finance May Divide into Regulated and Unregulated

European Airlines’ Recovery Dampened by Russia-Ukraine Conflict

Fitch Expects Significant Economic Shock to CIS+ Region from War in Ukraine

China Loosens Fiscal Policy to Support Slowing Economy

Growing Crypto Mining Could Affect Energy Markets

Global Pharma and Biotech Pivots Towards R&D Productivity

Bank of Canada Raises Interest Rates and Mulls Quantitative Tightening

Russia-Ukraine Conflict Raises Risks for Some Emerging Markets

Chinese Developers’ Funding

Latin American Corporates Top 10 What Investors Want to Know 2022

Transportation Infrastructure Criteria Snapshot

Singapore Budget Shifts Focus to Medium-Term Challenges

Stronger Dollar Remains a Risk for Emerging-Market Sovereigns

ResiGlobal – A model for the analysis of residential mortgage portfolios

Japan’s Income Policies Help, But Insufficient to Spur Wage Growth

2022 Credit Outlook - Canadian Provinces

China’s New Rules for Large MMFs Could Reduce Systemic Risk

Growing Crypto Engagement Carries Risks for SE Asian Banks

2022 Credit Outlook - Economic Recoveries Drive Global Financial Sector Outlooks in 2022

2022 Credit Outlook - Innovation Drives Growth in Global Big Pharma & Biotech

2022 Credit Outlook - Base Metals Demand Growth Supports Global Mining Sector Outlook

2022 Credit Outlook - Financial Discipline Supports Global Oil Gas Sector Outlook

2022 Credit Outlook - U.S. Healthcare and Pharma Outlook Neutral for 2022

2022 Credit Outlook - Pricing Power Must Offset Cost Pressures in European Lev Fin

2022 Credit Outlook - More Entrenched Recovery Underpins Fiscal Improvement in Western Europe

SME and Microfinance Stress to Raise NPLs for Indian NBFIs

2022 Credit Outlook - Policy Tightens but Sovereigns Outlook for 2022 is Improving

2022 Credit Outlook - Rising Labor Expenses Cloud U.S. NFP Hospitals

2022 Credit Outlook - Global Airline Outlook Improving but Material Risks Remain

2022 Credit Outlook - LatAm Banks See Credit Expansion, Manageable Credit Losses in 2022

2022 Credit Outlook - Canadian Banks Will Continue to Benefit from Economic Recovery in 2022

2022 Credit Outlook - Western European Banks to Benefit from Ongoing Economic Recovery

2022 Credit Outlook - U.S. Lev Fin Outlook Neutral for 2022; Low Defaults but Risks to Monitor

China Property Stress Scenario Points to Contagion Risk

2022 Credit Outlook - EMEA Structured Finance Asset Performance Outlook Neutral for All Sectors

2022 Credit Outlook - China LGFVs - Government Policies to be a Key Focus

2022 Credit Outlook - APAC Corps Neutral Outlook Overall, China Property Worsening

2022 Credit Outlook - Fitch Expects Operating Environment for LPCs to Remain Unchanged in 2022

2022 Credit Outlook - North American and European Securities Firms Outlooks Neutral for 2022

2022 Credit Outlook - Return of Confidence Key to Stability for Chinese Property Developers

2022 Credit Outlook - North American Structured Finance Asset Performance to Remain Steady in 2022

2022 Credit Outlook - Global Home Price Growth to Slow in 2022

2022 Credit Outlook - EMEA Utilities Stable on High Prices, Increasing Capex Plans

2022 Credit Outlook - Asia-Pacific Sovereigns - Gradual Turn to Policy Normalisation

2022 Credit Outlook - North America to Grow Strongly in 2022, Policy Will Tighten

2022 Credit Outlook - Global Auto Conditions to Improve in 2022, Supply Chain Risk Exists

2022 Credit Outlook - China Structured Finance Performance May Deteriorate in 2022

2022 Credit Outlook - U.S. Retail – Revenue Deceleration Expected

2022 Credit Outlook - Neutral 2022 Outlook for U.S. Technology

2022 Credit Outlook - APAC Banks' Earnings Improvements Continue at a Varying Pace

2022 Credit Outlook – North America & Europe FinTech

2022 Credit Outlook - Global Banking Regulation to Tighten for 2022

2022 Credit Outlook - Pro-Cyclical Postures and Rate Views May Test Financial Policies

2022 Credit Outlook - Normalization Expected for U.S. Banks in 2022

2022 Credit Outlook - U.S. State and Local Governments Search for Predictability in 2022

2022 Credit Outlook - Global Aerospace End Market Improving, Defense Stable

2022 Credit Outlook - Global Investment Managers Resilient to 2022 Challenges

2022 Credit Outlook - Neutral Sector Outlook Maintained for EMEA Renewable Energy

2022 Credit Outlook - Inflation Could Disrupt Steadier U.S. Transportation in 2022

2022 Credit Outlook - Asia-Pacific Transportation Infrastructure

2022 Credit Outlook- EMEA Transport Infrastructure Sector Outlook is Improving

2022 Credit Outlook - Moderate Recovery, Challenges Remain for APAC Tech in 2022

2022 Credit Outlook - U.S. Diversified Industrials and Capital Goods Outlook Neutral for 2022

2022 Credit Outlook - Neutral US BDC Outlook Driven by Solid Financial Profiles

2022 Credit Outlook - Latin American Corporates Well Positioned for Challenges Ahead

2022 Credit Outlook - Climate Risks and Evolving Financing Structures for U.S. Energy Infrastructure in 2022

2022 Credit Outlook - APAC Power Demand and Energy Transition to Accelerate

2022 Credit Outlook - Low Headroom for APAC Telco’s Ratings, Improvements Modest

Rising Insurance Costs Add to US Public Finance Cyber Pressures

China Provincial Government & SOEs Snapshot Series - Yunnan Province and Local SOEs

Australian Monetary Policy Recalibration Signals Inflation Risk

Infrastructure Bill Could Spur Overdue Road, Bridge Repairs

Rating Criteria Synopsis - Corporate Rating Criteria

Credit Brief - Global Structured Finance Coronavirus Performance Report 4Q21

Fitch Ratings is the Market Leader in India

China Property Tax May Add to Near-Term LRG Cash-Flow Strains

Rating Criteria Synopsis - Structured Finance and Covered Bonds Counterparty Rating Criteria

Rating Criteria Synopsis - Global Structured Finance Rating Criteria

Japan’s New Leader Unlikely to Shift Policy Approach Sharply

Chinese Coal, Steel and Cement Firms to See Further Consolidation

Fitch Ratings leads the way in USPF/Public Power

Effects of Historic Drought Vary Across Brazilian Corporates

Emerging Markets Central Banks Respond to Inflation Shock

China Provincial Government & SOEs Snapshot Series - Jiangsu Province and Local SOEs

Young Buyers, Online Sales Drive Growth of China’s Local Brands

South-East Asia Fintechs’ Path to Profitability Key as Adoption Gains Pace

Fitch Ratings is the Market Leader in Islamic Finance

LatAm Banking Systems Tested by Political and Social Unrest

China Water Sector Blue Book

US Restaurants Up Prices to Offset Labor Inflation on Strong Demand

Systemic Cyberattack Could Present Material Risk for U.S. Banks

US Healthcare System to Expand, Adapt to Long-Term COVID-19 Fallout

Credit Impact of Inflation Risk Varies for Australian Issuers

Relentless Cyber Attacks to Pressure NFP Hospitals’ Operations

China’s SOEs to See Greater Differentiation of State Support

Olympics Without Crowds to Cost Reinsurers USD300m-400m

Governance Most Influential Global Infrastructure ESG Factor

Fitch Ratings is the Market Leader in Vietnam

External Liquidity Strains Ease in Some APAC Frontier Economies

ResiGlobal - A walk-through visual aid to using Fitch’s RMBS asset model

COVID-19 Exacerbating US Affordable Housing Stresses

Regulatory Risk a Key Factor Influencing Chinese Internet Issuers’ Credit Profiles

Public Infrastructure Cyberattacks May Pose Broad Financial Risk

India’s Second Wave Manageable for Most Companies; Swift Rebound Expected in Auto Demand

Exclusive Interview with Australian Treasurer

A Higher US Corporate Tax Rate Is Not a Key Credit Risk Driver

Central Bank Digital Currencies May Disrupt Financial Systems

Australia’s Budget Highlights Credit-Positive Growth Recovery

Water, Air Quality, Energy, Biodiversity & Extreme Climate Issues to Affect Credits

Rating Outlooks for Financial Institutions Begin to Stabilize

US Infrastructure Bill Mixed for Telecom, Beneficial for Building Materials Longer Term

FitchCast – Global Structured Finance Performance: A Year Into a Global Pandemic

Spectrum Outcomes to Shape 5G Priorities, Credit Trends

China’s Fintech Evolves on Fast Track, Diversified Applications

Exclusive Q&A with New Zealand Finance Minister

Tighter Regulation to Trim China Household Lending Growth

Reprofiling Bank Debt May Pose Rating Challenges for China SOEs

Coronavirus Accelerates US Digital Banking, Branch Optimization

Exclusive Q&A with Indonesian Finance Minister

FitchCast SSA - Government Related Entities

Travel Rebound to Boost US, Canadian Airport and Airline Recovery

US Climate Policy May Alter Some US Corporate Business Models

China’s High-Tech Foreign Direct Investment

Fitch Long Term ESG Vulnerability Scores

Australia ABS Performance

US Stimulus Will Boost Growth at a Cost of Higher Deficits, Debt

China Strikes Cautious Note on Fiscal Consolidation

China’s Tougher Online Loan Rules Unlikely to Hurt Rated Banks

Pandemic Fallout to Delay US Drug Price Reform, Biosimilars Uptake

Awareness and Confidence Key Challenges for Islamic Finance Growth

Credit Outlook Conference Key Takeaways - Global Macro and Sovereigns

Keystone Executive Order Sets Precedent for NA Midstream Energy

Semiconductor Shortage Delays Global Automotive Sector Recovery

The Rise of Consumer Finance in China to Bolster Consumption

LATAM Spotlight Series: New Cross-Border Issuers Span Multiple Sectors and Countries

ESG Impact on Strategy, Financing, Policies Will Grow in 2021

China Bank Property Lending Caps to Curb Concentration Risks

Fitch Ratings 2021 Outlook - US Municipal Sectors

U.S. Healthcare and Pharma Outlook Stable for 2021

Home Price Growth to Stall Around the Globe in 2021

Fitch Ratings 2021 Outlook - APAC Sovereigns

Fitch Ratings 2021 Outlook - China Homebuilding

Fitch Ratings 2021 Outlook - China Local Regional Governments and Related Entities

Latin America Sovereign Rating Pressures Persist into 2021

Fitch Ratings 2021 Outlook - APAC Banks

Coronavirus Dominates Global Sovereigns 2021 Outlook

Fitch Ratings 2021 Outlook - Australia and New Zealand Structured Finance

APAC Corps to Recover in 2021, but Cash Flow Weaker than 2019

Fitch Ratings 2021 Outlook - China Structured Finance

China E-tailing Sector

Rebound in Global Travel Will Be Gradual Despite Probable Vaccines

APAC Corporate Earnings Improving; Still Face Pandemic Strain

US Election – Divided Congress Limits Credit Impact

Reacting to Global Changes - Effective Cash Management

US Pharma COVID-19 Vaccine to Benefit Revenue More than Margins

Indonesia’s Reform Package Boosts Growth Prospects

China’s Gas Reform Credit Neutral for NOCs; Positive for Large Distributors

Drawn-Out U.S. Presidential Election Scenario Highlights Governance Risks

Chinese Securities Firms Enjoy High Profitability vs APAC Peers

Ratings Process

Fitch Ratings Introduces Peer Group of 50 Asian High-Yield Corporates

US Exports Curbs on Chinese Forms to Shift Tech Supply Chains

Cutting-edge Chinese E-tailing Operators Compete Intensely in Fast-Evolving Market

Singapore REITs – Challenges to Persist in 2021

Telcos Worldwide to Ramp Up 5G Capex, Raising Pressure on Credit Profiles

Rating Criteria Synopsis - Structured Finance and Covered Bonds Country Risk Rating Criteria

Australian Arrears Reach Record High for Auto ABS, Remain Low for RMBS Amid Coronavirus

Chinese Vehicle Battery Suppliers

Coronavirus Not the Only Challenge for Corporate Ratings

Reinsurance Sector will Struggle to Earn Cost of Capital in 2020/21

When LGFVs Meet New Infrastructure

Telehealth Provides US Healthcare Temporary Revenue Stop Gap

Did you Know? Unique Mortgage Market Features

Coronavirus Spurs Material Increase in LATAM Corporate Fallen Angels

Chinese E-tailing Rising as Consumers Eye Discretionary Items Online

Chinese Home Appliances Bluebook

Blue Book: Chinese Home Appliances to Ride on Urbanisation, M&As for Growth

Chinese Auto ABS Shows Resilience Amid Pandemic; Headwinds Remain

Coronavirus Impact on Asia-Pacific Telecoms and Technology

US Corporate Supply Chain-Driven Credit Risk is Mostly Low to Moderate

Dechert LIBORcast: LIBOR Transition – The Rating Agency Perspective

Reopening of Australia’s Economy Has Varying Impact Across Corporate Sectors

China’s Shift to E-tailing Picks Up After Coronavirus Outbreak

2020 Virtual Investor Meeting - Structured Finance in the Time of COVID-19

Investors and Corporates Perceive Future ESG Risks Differently

Latin American Corporates Hit Hard by Pandemic Lockdown

Corporates Face USD5 Trillion 2020 Revenue Loss from Crisis

USPF Not-For-Profit Hospitals & Health Systems

COVID-19 Investor Poll: A Gradual U-shaped Recovery

Latam Oil & Gas See Profitability Hit Severely in 2020

China Trade Clash Risks Vary for Australian Corporates

Introducing IPF China Fitch Analytical Comparative Tool (FACT)

LATAM Telecoms May Cut Capex Due to Coronavirus-Related Cash Burn

Global Sports Leagues Weigh Risks of Reopening Seasons

Extended Production Cuts to Raise LATAM Metal & Mining Rating Risk

China Shadow-Financing Sector Faces Rising Asset Impairment

ESG Credit Quarterly Q1 2020

Coronavirus Tests EV Growth, Raises EU Carmakers’ Penalty Risk

OPEC+ Deal Reduces Downside Risks, Surplus Not Eliminated

APAC Banking Outlooks Negative as Coronavirus Heightens Risks

Lure of Higher Inflows to Fuel ESG Fund Launches Post-Coronavirus

Ownership and Sector Key Factors in China SOE Defaults

Fitch Ratings Website Virtual Tour

39% of APAC Corporates More Exposed to Coronavirus

Chinese Express Delivery Companies Facing Rising Capex Needs

Oil Shock Compounds Sovereign Credit Risks from Coronavirus

Industry Faces Climate Transition Challenge

German 2030 Climate Package May Become Green Law Blueprint

Political Concern and Refinancing Risks – Key Findings from the Fitch Ratings-FinanceAsia 2020 Asia Credit Market Outlook survey

Commodities and Trade Stress Latin America’s Vulnerability to China

China Slowdown Would Hit Banks in Asian Developed Markets Most

Video Roundtable: United States and the Global Economy - September 2018

The United States and the Global Economy - A Video Roundtable

More Videos

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